主语从句:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾
主语从句使用陈述语序,其通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”;
that
- That you are coming to London is the best news(定从,做从句宾语可以省略) I have heard this long time.
一般来说会用形式主语it来代替主语,真正的主语放后面
- It is the best news I have heard this long time that you are coming to London
- That you are coming to London is the best news(定从,做从句宾语可以省略) I have heard this long time.
whether引导
- Whether they would support us was a problem
- However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question
- whether引导的两个并列主语从句做is的主语
连接代词引导
例句:Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。
连接副词引导
例句:How this happended is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
关系代词型what引导
例句:What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。
二、主语从句与形式主语it
- 对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:
例句:That they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。
- 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:
例句:Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
- 对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常直接将主语从句放在句首。
例句:What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
有时也可将助用形式主语。
例句:It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
- 如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:
例句:Is it true that he is the girl’s father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?
三、连词that的省略问题
引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:
> 例句:That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
> 例句:It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)